基于动刚度法的轨道车辆型材结构声振特性仿真分析
汪宏楠1，肖新标1，徐治强1，周顺元1，赵明花*,1,2
（1.西南交通大学 牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610031；2.国家高速列车技术创新中心，山东 青岛 266111）
摘要：轨道车辆型材结构声振特性仿真分析通常采用数值方法，计算成本较高。本文将型材结构等效成正交各向异性板，基于动刚度法建立了正交各向异性板的动刚度振动模型，计算分析了正交各向异性板的固有频率和模态振型，以及强迫振动下的振动响应，并验证了计算结果的正确性。接着基于Rayleigh积分公式将动刚度振动模型与空气流体耦合研究了型材结构的声辐射特性，并将等效模型的辐射声压和辐射声功率与混合有限元-边界元模型计算出来的结果进行了对比。计算对比结果表明：该方法可为有效预测型材结构振动声辐射特性提供指导。
关键词：动刚度法；Rayleigh积分；型材结构；正交各向异性板；振动；声辐射特性
中图分类号：U271.91 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2023.09.004
文章编号：1006-0316 (2023) 09-0022-09
The Vibroacoustic Response of Orthotropic Plate Using the Dynamic Stiffness Method
WANG Hongnan1，XIAO Xinbiao1，XU Zhiqiang1，ZHOU Shunyuan1，ZHAO Minghua1,2
( 1.State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; 2. National Innovation Center of High-Speed Train, Qingdao 266111, China )
Abstract：Numerical methods are usually used to analyze the vibro-acoustic characteristics of extruded structures of railway vehicles, and the calculation cost is high. In this paper, the extruded structure is equivalent to an orthotropic plate. Based on the dynamic stiffness method, the dynamic stiffness vibration model of the orthotropic plate is established. The natural frequency and mode shape of the orthotropic plate and the vibration response under forced vibration are calculated and analyzed, and the correctness of the calculation is verified. Then, based on the Rayleigh integral formula, the dynamic stiffness vibration model is coupled to air and fluid to study the acoustic radiation characteristics of the extruded structures, and the radiated sound pressure and power of the equivalent model are compared with the results obtained from the finite element and boundary element model. The results show that this method can provide guidance for predicting the vibration and acoustic radiation characteristics of the extruded structure effectively.
Key words：dynamic stiffness method；rayleighintegral；extruded structure；orthotropic plate；vibration；acoustic radiation characteristic
———————————————
收稿日期：2023-02-28
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（U1934203）；牵引动力国家重点实验室开放课题（TPL2205）
作者简介：汪宏楠（2001－)，男，辽宁辽阳人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为轨道车辆减振降噪，Email：2044778162@qq.com。
*通讯作者：赵明花（1964－），女，吉林长春人，硕士研究生，教授级高级工程师，主要研究方向为高速列车设计理论及应用，E-mail：13944803270@163.com。
（1.西南交通大学 牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610031；2.国家高速列车技术创新中心，山东 青岛 266111）
摘要：轨道车辆型材结构声振特性仿真分析通常采用数值方法，计算成本较高。本文将型材结构等效成正交各向异性板，基于动刚度法建立了正交各向异性板的动刚度振动模型，计算分析了正交各向异性板的固有频率和模态振型，以及强迫振动下的振动响应，并验证了计算结果的正确性。接着基于Rayleigh积分公式将动刚度振动模型与空气流体耦合研究了型材结构的声辐射特性，并将等效模型的辐射声压和辐射声功率与混合有限元-边界元模型计算出来的结果进行了对比。计算对比结果表明：该方法可为有效预测型材结构振动声辐射特性提供指导。
关键词：动刚度法；Rayleigh积分；型材结构；正交各向异性板；振动；声辐射特性
中图分类号：U271.91 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2023.09.004
文章编号：1006-0316 (2023) 09-0022-09
The Vibroacoustic Response of Orthotropic Plate Using the Dynamic Stiffness Method
WANG Hongnan1，XIAO Xinbiao1，XU Zhiqiang1，ZHOU Shunyuan1，ZHAO Minghua1,2
( 1.State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; 2. National Innovation Center of High-Speed Train, Qingdao 266111, China )
Abstract：Numerical methods are usually used to analyze the vibro-acoustic characteristics of extruded structures of railway vehicles, and the calculation cost is high. In this paper, the extruded structure is equivalent to an orthotropic plate. Based on the dynamic stiffness method, the dynamic stiffness vibration model of the orthotropic plate is established. The natural frequency and mode shape of the orthotropic plate and the vibration response under forced vibration are calculated and analyzed, and the correctness of the calculation is verified. Then, based on the Rayleigh integral formula, the dynamic stiffness vibration model is coupled to air and fluid to study the acoustic radiation characteristics of the extruded structures, and the radiated sound pressure and power of the equivalent model are compared with the results obtained from the finite element and boundary element model. The results show that this method can provide guidance for predicting the vibration and acoustic radiation characteristics of the extruded structure effectively.
Key words：dynamic stiffness method；rayleighintegral；extruded structure；orthotropic plate；vibration；acoustic radiation characteristic
———————————————
收稿日期：2023-02-28
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（U1934203）；牵引动力国家重点实验室开放课题（TPL2205）
作者简介：汪宏楠（2001－)，男，辽宁辽阳人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为轨道车辆减振降噪，Email：2044778162@qq.com。
*通讯作者：赵明花（1964－），女，吉林长春人，硕士研究生，教授级高级工程师，主要研究方向为高速列车设计理论及应用，E-mail：13944803270@163.com。
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