实际运营条件下的地铁钢轨波磨试验研究
张华鹏，吴蔚，徐梦楠，董勇，吴磊*
（西南交通大学 机械工程学院，四川 成都 610031）
摘要：针对地铁线路波磨病害，对一条采用了多种轨道结构、钢轨表面已经形成了多种钢轨波磨特征的实际地铁线路进行静态、动态试验，统计轨道结构与钢轨波磨的对应关系，分析车轮非圆化、车辆载重、列车速度和钢轨波磨波长对转向架轴箱振动的影响。结果表明：线路所有轨道结构上均存在钢轨波磨，按波磨严重程度区分依次是普通短轨枕、弹性短轨枕、凸台橡胶浮置板区段。通过镟轮改善了车轮的偏心磨损后，轴箱的振动加速度仍保持较高水平，车辆载重的变化不会影响轴箱的振动水平。轴箱振动加速度随车辆速度降低而降低，降速运行可以有效改善钢轨波磨对轴箱振动的影响。钢轨打磨可以有效降低短波长钢轨波磨诱发的轴箱振动，但对于长波长钢轨波磨，打磨后波磨依然显著存在，钢轨打磨不能有效缓解长波长钢轨波磨导致的车辆轴箱振动。
关键词：钢轨波磨；轨道结构；轴箱振动；运营模式；钢轨打磨
中图分类号：U270.1+1 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2023.06.006
文章编号：1006-0316 (2023) 06-0040-08
Experimental Study of Rail Corrugation on a Metro under Actual Operation Conditions
ZHANG Huapeng，WU Wei，XU Mengnan，DONG Yong，WU Lei
( School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China )
Abstract：In order to address the issue of rail corrugation in subway lines, static and dynamic tests were conducted on an actual subway line that uses multiple types of track structures and has developed various types of rail corrugation on its surface. The corresponding relationship between track structure and rail corrugation was analyzed, and the impact of wheel non-circularity, vehicle load, train speed, and rail corrugation wavelength on the vibration of the bogie axle was studied. The results showed that rail corrugation existed on all track structures, with the severity of corrugation being ranked in the order of ordinary short rail sleepers, elastic short rail sleepers, and convex rubber floating plates. After improving the wheel's eccentric wear through wheel turning, the vibration acceleration of the axle remained at a high level, and changes in vehicle load did not affect the vibration level of the axle. The axle vibration acceleration decreased as the train speed decreased, and reducing speed could effectively alleviate the impact of rail corrugation on axle vibration. Rail grinding can effectively reduce the axle vibration induced by short-wavelength rail corrugation, but for long-wavelength rail corrugation, rail grinding cannot effectively alleviate the significant corrugation that remains after grinding, and thus cannot effectively reduce the axle vibration caused by long-wavelength rail corrugation.
Key words：rail corrugation；track structure；axle box vibration；operation mode；rail grinding
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收稿日期：2022-09-16
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（51775454，51605395）；四川省科技计划资助（2020YJ0034，2020JDTD0012）
作者简介：张华鹏（1998－），男，江苏徐州人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为钢轨波磨，E-mail：489466630@qq.com。*通讯作者：吴磊（1981－），男，贵州毕节人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为轮轨关系，E-mail：wuleitpl@163.com。
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