轴向激励下螺栓连接结构有限元分析
李新魁1，范健飞2，于喆2，周宇晨2，邓家蓉2，江君垚2，刘建华*,2
（1.中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 动车检修事业部技术装备处，河北 唐山 063035；2.西南交通大学 材料科学与工程学院，四川 成都 610031）
摘要：利用软件ABAQUS建立螺栓连接结构有限元模型，分析不同预紧力、载荷幅值作用下螺纹接触界面的应力应变分布，讨论轴向激励下螺栓轴向力的衰减行为。结果表明，第一圈工作螺纹根部Mises等效应力和累积塑性应变最大，说明螺栓在此处发生疲劳断裂的风险最高。螺栓连接结构分离后螺纹承载面的滑移幅值迅速上升，且上升幅值随着工作螺纹圈次的增加而减小，从而造成单位面积耗散能随工作圈次的增加而减小的现象。经过第一次循环加载后，螺栓轴向力降幅较大。同时，螺纹间的相对滑动和材料的塑性变形是螺栓轴向力下降的主要原因，其中后者的影响尤其明显。
关键词：螺栓连接；有限元分析；应力应变分布；相对滑移；摩擦耗散能
中图分类号：U213.5+2 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2023.05.008
文章编号：1006-0316 (2023) 05-0046-06
Finite Element Analysis of a Bolted Joint under Axial Loading
LI Xinkui1，FAN Jianfei2，YU Zhe2，ZHOU Yuchen2，DENG Jiarong2，JIANG Junyao2，LIU Jianhua2
( 1.Technology Equipment Division of EMU Maintenance, CRRC Tangshan Co., Ltd., Tangshan 063035, China; 2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China )
Abstract：Finite element model of a bolted joint is built using ABAQUS software. The stress and strain distribution of screw contact interfaces under different preload and load amplitude are analyzed, and the attenuation behavior of bolt axial force is discussed under axial excitation. It is found that the Mises equivalent stress and accumulated plastic strain at the root of the first working thread are the largest and the risk of fatigue fracture of the bolt is the highest. The slip amplitude of the thread contact surface rises rapidly after the bolt connection structure is separated and decreases as the number of working thread turns increases, resulting in a decrease in the dissipation energy per unit area with the increase of turns of the working thread. After the first cycle of loading, the axial force of the bolt is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, relative slip between threads and the plastic deformation of the material are the main reasons for the decrease in the axial force of the bolt, with the latter having a particularly pronounced effect.
Key words：bolted joints；finite element analysis；stress and strain distribution；relative slip；frictional dissipation energy
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收稿日期：2022-12-16
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（U2141212，52075460）
作者简介：李新魁（1989－），男，河北唐山人，硕士，工程师，主要从事轨道车辆调试检修技术工作，E-mail：lixinkui.ts@crrcgc.cc。*通讯作者：刘建华（1987－），男，四川成都人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为机械连接设计，E-mail：jianhua-liu@swjtu.edu.cn。
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