声学超材料板在列车地板中的应用研究
李承城1，张捷1,2，彭健1，许天啸1，肖新标*,1
（1.西南交通大学 牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610031；2.四川大学 高分子材料工程国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610065）
摘要：针对轨道列车车内存在的100～400 Hz中低频段的振动噪声问题，结合列车车内声振能量的传递路径，设计一种基于局域共振机理的声学超材料板件，构造复合型的局域共振子系统贴附于车体地板的内饰板上。通过有限元仿真，建立声学超材料板件模型，计算得到单胞能带结构，并结合其振动模态，分析230～390 Hz频率范围的弯曲波带隙形成机理。而后，仿真建立周期排布的声学超材料板件模型，计算在其垂向平面波激励下的传声损失和垂向单位力激励下的振动声辐射，并结合相同基体的同尺寸板和相同表面密度的同质量板的隔声和隔振计算，对比分析声学超材料板件的振动及声能量衰减特性。研究表明：振动及声能量的传递主要在阻带附近的100～400 Hz减少，在稍大于阻带的频率会产生恶化的现象，而在远大于或低于阻带的频率声学超材料板的振动及声能量的传递与裸板基本没有差异。
关键词：低频噪声；声学超材料；声振特性
中图分类号：U270.1+6 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2022.10.001
文章编号：1006-0316 (2022) 10-0001-08
Application of Acoustic Metamaterial Platein Train Floor
LI Chengcheng1，ZHANG Jie1,2，PENG Jian1，XU Tianxiao1，XIAO Xinbiao1
( 1.State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031,China; 2.State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China )
Abstract：Aiming at solving the 100~400 Hz vibration and noise problem in rail trains, an acoustic metamaterial plate based on the local resonance mechanism is designed. Combined with the transmission path of the auxiliary equipment's sound and vibration energy, a composite local resonance subsystem is constructed to attach to the interior trim panel of the car floor. Through finite element simulation, the acoustic metamaterial plate model is established and the unit cell energy band structure is calculated. Combined with its vibration mode, the formation mechanism of the bending wave band gap in the frequency range of 230~390 Hz is analyzed. Then, the simulation establishes the model of the acoustic metamaterial plate arranged periodically. The longitudinal vibration transmission of the acoustic metamaterial plate under the excitation of the vertical unit uniform force is calculated. Combined the calculations of sound insulation and vibration isolation of the same size board with the same matrix and the same mass board with the same surface density, the vibration and sound energy attenuation characteristics of acoustic metamaterial panels are compared and analyzed. Studies have shown that the transmission of vibration and sound energy is mainly reduced at 100~400 Hz near the stopband, and deterioration will occur at frequencies slightly greater than the stopband. The vibration of the acoustic metamaterial plate at frequencies much greater or lower than the stopband and the transmission of sound energy is basically the same as that of bare board.
Key words：low frequency noise；acoustic metamaterials；sound and vibration characters
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收稿日期：2022-03-02
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（U1934203，52002257）；牵引动力国家重点实验室开放课题（TPL2205）
作者简介：李承城（1997－），男，四川自贡人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为轨道车辆减振降噪，Email：lichengcheng971115@outlook.com。*通讯作者：肖新标（1978－），男，广东阳春人，博士，副研究员，主要研究方向为轨道车辆减振降噪，E-mail：xinbiaoxiao@163.com。
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