微穿孔板在列车空调风道中的应用研究
彭健，肖新标*，李承城，付辰辰，许天啸
（西南交通大学 牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610031）
摘要：根据测试数据对空调噪声特点进行了分析，研究发现空调噪声能量主要集中在100～1000 Hz的频带内，且空调噪声的大小会直接影响客室内噪声的大小。为了计算空调风道的传递损失，采用简单结构对仿真计算方法进行了验证，仿真结果证明采用“压力声学，频域”接口可以用于计算空调风道的传递损失。为了保证在空调风道内有效的布置微穿孔板，且不影响空调风道内正常的空气流量，文中设计了四种将微穿孔板排布于空调风道内的方案，均可以有效地提升空调风道传递损失的谷值和峰值。四种方案均提升了空调风道的降噪效果，其中方案1降噪效果优于方案2，方案3优于方案4。采用微穿孔板错位分布的方式降噪效果要优于同侧分布的方式。通过对微穿孔板在空调风道内的应用研究，为降低列车空调噪声提供了一种有效的途径。
关键词：空调噪声；传递损失；微穿孔板；压力声学
中图分类号：U270.1+6 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2022.08.005
文章编号：1006-0316 (2022) 08-0024-06
Application of Micro-Perforated Plate in Train Air-Conditioning Duct
PENG Jian，XIAO Xinbiao，LI Chengcheng，FU Chenchen，XU Tianxiao
( State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China )
Abstract：The characteristics of air conditioning noise are analyzed based on test data. It is found that the air conditioning noise energy is mainly concentrated in the frequency band of 100~1000 Hz and the air conditioning noise level will directly affect the noise level in passenger compartment. In order to calculate the transfer loss of air duct, a simple structure is used to verify the simulation calculation method. The results show that the "pressure acoustics, frequency domain" interface can be used to calculate the transfer loss of air duct. In order to ensure that the micro-perforated panels are effectively arranged and the normal air flow is not affected, four schemes are designed to arrange micro-perforated panels in the air-conditioning duct. The four schemes can effectively improve the valley value and peak value of air duct transfer loss. All the four schemes can improve the noise reduction effect of air duct, among which scheme 1 is better than scheme 2, and scheme 3 is better than scheme 4. The noise reduction effect of dislocation distribution of micro-perforated plate is better than that of ipsilateral distribution. The application of micro-perforated plate in air duct provides an effective way to reduce the noise of train air conditioning.
Key words：air conditioning noise；transfer loss；microperforated plate；the acoustic pressure
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收稿日期：2022-02-21
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（U1934203，52002257）；牵引动力国家重点实验室开放课题（TPL2205）
作者简介：彭健（1995－），男，云南丽江人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为轨道车辆减振降噪，E-mail：3332320870@qq.com。*通讯作者：肖新标（1978－），男，四川成都人，博士，副研究员，主要研究方向为铁路车辆减振降噪，E-mail：xinbiaoxiao@163.com。
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