机车异常振动原因分析和控制措施研究
刘欢1，陶功权1，罗贇1，陈国胜2，温泽峰*,1
（1.西南交通大学 牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610031；2.大功率交流传动电力机车系统集成国家重点实验室，湖南 株洲 412001）
摘要：针对某和谐型电力机车在运营过程中存在振动过大等问题，对该型机车车轮不圆度和线路振动进行了测试。基于SIMPACK软件建立了考虑钢轨、轮对和构架弹性变形的机车－轨道刚柔耦合动力学模型，通过试验结果对模型进行了验证。利用建立的仿真模型分析了车轮多边形对机车振动和轮轨相互作用的影响，据此提出了机车车轮多边形镟修限值。试验测试发现该型机车车轮存在显著的16～19阶和24阶多边形磨耗，且车轮多边形磨耗是引起机车异常振动的根本原因。通过车轮镟修可以显著降低机车振动水平。机车关键部件的柔性对振动影响较大，在仿真计算时需予以考虑。基于轮轨垂向力限值，建议对于高阶多边形车轮，当径跳超过0.25 mm及时进行镟修。
关键词：车轮多边形；异常振动；轮轨垂向力；镟修限值
中图分类号：U260.11 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2019.08.001
文章编号：1006－0316 (2019) 08－0001－07
Cause Analysis and Control Measures of Abnormal Vibration of Locomotive
LIU Huan1，TAO Gongquan1，LUO Yun1，CHEN Gousheng2，WEN Zefeng1
( 1.State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; 2.The State Key Laboratory of Heavy Duty AC Drive Electric Locomotive Systems Integration, Zhuzhou 412001, China )
Abstract：Aiming at solving the problem of excessive vibration in the operation of a HXD electric locomotive, the out-of-round wheel and the vibration of the locomotive during running were measured. A rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model of locomotive-track system was established by using the SIMPACK software. The model takes the elastic deformation of rails, wheelsets and frames into account, and was validated by the vibration test results. The model was used to investigate the influence of wheel polygon on locomotive vibration and wheel-rail interaction, and to determine the locomotive wheel polygon re-profiling limit. The test results show that there are significant polygonal wear of 16-19 and 24 orders on the wheels, and the polygonal wear of wheels is the fundamental cause of abnormal vibration of the locomotive. The amplitude of locomotive vibration can be significantly reduced by wheel re-profiling. The flexibility of key components of locomotive has a great influence on the vibration, which should be considered in the simulation. Based on the wheel-rail vertical force limit, it is suggested that the high-order polygonal wheels should be re-profiling in time when the out-of-round amplitude exceeds 0.25 mm.
Key words：wheel polygon；abnormal vibration；wheel-rail vertical force；re-profiling limit
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收稿日期：2019－03－07
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（51875484）；牵引动力国家重点实验室自主课题（2017TPL_T05）；大功率交流传动电力机车系统集成国家重点实验室开放课题（2017ZJKF01）
作者简介：刘欢（1993－），男，湖南邵阳人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为机车动力学。*通信作者：温泽峰（1976－），男，广西上林人，博士，研究员，博士生导师，主要研究方向为轮轨关系。
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