铁道车辆车钩缓冲系统常见故障与检修
方松
（南京铁道职业技术学院 机车车辆学院，江苏 南京 210031）
摘要：铁道车辆车钩缓冲装置主要由车钩、缓冲器、钩尾销、钩尾框和前后从板等组成。车钩缓冲系统的作用是实现车辆与车辆之间的连接，同时担任着传递并且缓和列车行进中出现的各种纵向冲击力。分别从钩体、钩舌、钩尾框、缓冲器等四个方面阐述了车钩缓冲装置的常见故障，分析了各部位故障产生的原因，给出了对应故障的预防及处理措施。在故障的成因分析中，制造工艺技术方面的缺陷或误差占有很大比例。车辆在使用过程中的定期检修，可以避免绝大部分车钩系统故障的产生。
关键词：铁道车辆；车钩缓冲系统；自动车钩
中图分类号：U270.34 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2017.01.016
文章编号：1006－0316 (2017) 01－0072－04
The Common Failures and Troubleshooting of Rail Vehicle Coupling
FANG Song
( College of locomotive vehicle, Nanjing Institute of Railway Technology, Nanjing 210031, China )
Abstract：Railway vehicle coupling buffer device is mainly composed of coupler and buffer, hook end pin, hook tail box and from the board. Function of coupling buffer is to realize the connection between vehicle and vehicle, at the same time as the transfer and mitigate various appearing in the train longitudinal impact. This paper respectively from the hook, hook tongue, hook tail box, buffer four aspects, expounds the common faults of coupler buffer device, and analysis of the causes, giving the corresponding fault prevention and treatment measures. We found that manufacturing process technology occupies a large proportion of defects. Vehicles in use in the process of preventive maintenance, can avoid most of the coupling system failure.
Key words：rail vehicle；coupling buffer device；automatic coupling
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收稿日期：2016－09－02
基金项目：江苏省高职院校青年教师企业实践培训资助项目（2016QYSJ035）
作者简介：方松（1989－），男，江苏淮安人，博士研究生，讲师，主要研究方向为交通运输工程。
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