风区运行机车气动阻力研究
张宁1,2，井夫满1,2，孙力学1,2，朱小宇1,2
（1.常州南车汽车零部件有限公司，江苏 常州 213011；2.南车集团 戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司，江苏 常州 213011）
摘要：采用计算流体力学方法对机车气动阻力系数的影响因素进行了数值模拟。结果表明：在无挡风墙与土堤式挡风墙下，机车气动阻力随侧滑角的增加，先增大后减小；无挡风墙下，侧滑角β＝0.43时，阻力达到最大；土堤式下，侧滑角β＝0.52时，阻力达到最大；相同挡风墙高度下，土堤式下的气动阻力系数最大；相同运行环境下，当侧滑角小于0.6 rad时，土堤式的减阻效应比其他挡风墙差；当侧滑角在0.51～0.81 rad之间时，随着路堑深度的增加，机车的气动阻力系数越来越小；低路堑下，路堑坡角变化对阻力系数的影响与侧滑角有关。
关键词：机车；气动阻力；侧滑角；挡风墙；路堑
中图分类号：U270 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2014.09.010
文章编号：1006－0316 (2014) 09－0040－05
Research on the aerodynamic drag of running locomotive in wind area
ZHANG Ning1,2，JING Fu-man1,2，SUN Li-xue1,2，ZHU Xiao-yu1,2
( 1.Changzhou CSR Auto Parts Co., Ltd, Changzhou 213011, China; 2.Qishuyan Institute Co., Ltd, CSR, Changzhou 213011, China )
Abstract：Numerical simulation of influence factors for the aerodynamic drag coefficient of locomotive was performed by using CFD method. The results show that under the condition of without windbreak wall and earth type one, the aerodynamic drag coefficient of locomotive increases at first, then reduces with the yaw angle increasing. When there is no windbreak wall, as β=0.43, the drag coefficient reaches maximum value. While under the earth type, as β=0.43, the coefficient reaches maximum. At the same height of windbreak wall, the coefficient of earth type is the largest. In the same running environment, as β<0.6 rad, the decreasing action of the earth type is worse than the others’. For the β is between 0.51rad and 0.81rad, the aerodynamic drag coefficient of locomotive tend to reduce with the depth of cutting increasing. At the low cutting, there is a relation between the influence on the slope variation for the resistance coefficient and yaw angle β.
Key words：locomotive；aerodynamic drag；yaw angle；windbreak wall；cutting
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收稿日期：2014－03－21
作者简介：张宁（1986－），男，安徽怀远人，工程师，主要从事车辆零部件行业的工作。
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