地铁车辆地板共振机理分析及解决方案
郭金莹，王勇，石怀龙
（西南交通大学 牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610031）
摘要：地铁车辆在牵引加速阶段部分车辆车体地板局部出现共振现象，影响旅客乘坐舒适性并损害车辆强度。分析可能引起车体地板共振的因素，提出车体共振问题解决方案。时频谱分析试验测试数据，结果表明，地板振动激扰频率为电机转速的二倍频，即与车辆运行速度相关。理论分析表明弹性联轴节的不对中效应将激发电机转速偶数倍频振动，且频率随速度增加而提高，当接近地板局部固有频率时则引发共振。调整联轴节偏差量后进行测试，结果表明可削弱电机转速的二倍频振动能量，消除激扰源从而解决地板局部共振问题。
关键词：地铁车辆；异常振动；弹性振动；弹性联轴节；不对中
中图分类号：U270.1+1；U260.14+3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006－0316 (2013) 09－0006－05
Research on abnormal vibration of subway vehicle based on resonance theory
GUO Jin-ying，WANG Yong，SHI Huai-long
( Traction Power Skate Key Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China )
Abstract：Resonance phenomenon happens in local area of metro vehicle floor under traction condition, worsening passenger comfort and damaging vehicle strength. Possible factors that may cause resonance were analyzed, and solution was put forward. Experimental test data was analyzed using short-time spectrum theory, and the results show that the floor vibration turbulence frequency is the double frequency harmonic of the motor rotation speed, which is related to vehicle speed. Theoretical analysis shows that the elastic coupling misalignment will inspire even multiple frequency harmonic of the motor’s rotation speed, and the frequency increases with motor’s speed. When that is close to the inherent frequency of floor local area, resonance happens. Test results after coupling deviation value adjustment show that the double frequency harmonic vibration energy can be weakened, which eliminates the excitation source thus solving the floor local resonance problem.
Key words：metro vehicle；abnormal vibration；elastic vibration；elastic coupling；out of alignment
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收稿日期：2013－03－21
基金项目：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划（2011BAG05B04-A01）；铁道部科技研究开发计划（2012J009-A）；国家实验室自主课题（2012TPL_T05)
作者简介：郭金莹（1987－），女，河南南阳人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向车辆系统动力学及强度。
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