面向球形金属粉末制备的电弧熔融等离子体雾化装置的设计
肖瑜，余德平，范颖，屈鋆，贺裕鹏*
（四川大学 机械工程学院，四川 成都 610065）
摘要：金属增材制造用高性能球形金属粉末的主流制备方法是雾化法，其中等离子体雾化法所制备粉末的性能相对更加优异，但其出粉速率较低。针对这一难题，将等离子体雾化法和丝材电弧喷涂技术结合，开发出了一套新型的电弧熔融等离子体雾化装置，旨在保留等离子体雾化法优势的基础上，提高出粉速率。之后开展了等离子体炬发生器性能测试实验，以及304不锈钢和纯钛丝材的雾化实验。实验结果表明，电弧熔融等离子体雾化法利用高温高速的等离子体炬对金属熔融液进行破碎，保证了粉末颗粒的过热度，使其有充分的球化和凝固时间。从粉末性能和出粉速率两方面对比分析了本技术和国外专利技术，证实了在粉末性能相同的前提下，本技术的出粉速率是国外专利技术的2～7倍。
关键词：增材制造；金属粉末；等离子体；雾化制粉；丝材电弧
中图分类号：TG439.5 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2024.03.004
文章编号：1006-0316 (2024) 03-0025-07
Design of Arc Melting Plasma Atomization Device for Spherical Metal Powder Preparation
XIAO Yu，YU Deping，FAN Ying，QU Yun，HE Yupeng
( School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China )
Abstract：The main preparation method of high-performance spherical metal powder for metal additive manufacturing is atomization. And the performance of the powder prepared by plasma atomization is relatively better, while its powder production rate is low. To solve this problem, a new type of arc melting plasma atomization (AMPA) device is developed by combining plasma atomization with wire arc spraying, aiming to improve the powder production rate while retaining the advantages of plasma atomization. The performance test of the plasma torch generator and the atomization test of 304 stainless steel and pure titanium wire are carried out. The test results show that the AMPA uses the high-temperature and high-speed plasma torch to break the molten metal, which ensures the superheat of the powder particles and has sufficient spheroidization and solidification time. This technology and foreign patented technology are compared and analyzed from the aspect of powder performance and powder production rate. It is confirmed that the powder production rate of this technology is 2-7 times higher than that of foreign patented technology under the same powder performance.
Key words：metal additive manufacturing；spherical metal powder；plasma atomization；wire arc
———————————————
收稿日期：2023-10-25
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（52274364）
作者简介：肖瑜（1997－），男，四川巴中人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为等离子体技术应用，E-mail：15848349306@163.com；余德平（1984－），男，江西抚州人，博士，教授，主要研究方向为等离子体开发与技术应用，E-mail：williamydp@scu.edu.cn。
*通讯作者：贺裕鹏（1996－），男，四川达州人，博士，主要研究方向为聚焦微纳材料、表面微纳结构制造等，E-mail：heyp@scu.edu.cn。
（四川大学 机械工程学院，四川 成都 610065）
摘要：金属增材制造用高性能球形金属粉末的主流制备方法是雾化法，其中等离子体雾化法所制备粉末的性能相对更加优异，但其出粉速率较低。针对这一难题，将等离子体雾化法和丝材电弧喷涂技术结合，开发出了一套新型的电弧熔融等离子体雾化装置，旨在保留等离子体雾化法优势的基础上，提高出粉速率。之后开展了等离子体炬发生器性能测试实验，以及304不锈钢和纯钛丝材的雾化实验。实验结果表明，电弧熔融等离子体雾化法利用高温高速的等离子体炬对金属熔融液进行破碎，保证了粉末颗粒的过热度，使其有充分的球化和凝固时间。从粉末性能和出粉速率两方面对比分析了本技术和国外专利技术，证实了在粉末性能相同的前提下，本技术的出粉速率是国外专利技术的2～7倍。
关键词：增材制造；金属粉末；等离子体；雾化制粉；丝材电弧
中图分类号：TG439.5 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2024.03.004
文章编号：1006-0316 (2024) 03-0025-07
Design of Arc Melting Plasma Atomization Device for Spherical Metal Powder Preparation
XIAO Yu，YU Deping，FAN Ying，QU Yun，HE Yupeng
( School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China )
Abstract：The main preparation method of high-performance spherical metal powder for metal additive manufacturing is atomization. And the performance of the powder prepared by plasma atomization is relatively better, while its powder production rate is low. To solve this problem, a new type of arc melting plasma atomization (AMPA) device is developed by combining plasma atomization with wire arc spraying, aiming to improve the powder production rate while retaining the advantages of plasma atomization. The performance test of the plasma torch generator and the atomization test of 304 stainless steel and pure titanium wire are carried out. The test results show that the AMPA uses the high-temperature and high-speed plasma torch to break the molten metal, which ensures the superheat of the powder particles and has sufficient spheroidization and solidification time. This technology and foreign patented technology are compared and analyzed from the aspect of powder performance and powder production rate. It is confirmed that the powder production rate of this technology is 2-7 times higher than that of foreign patented technology under the same powder performance.
Key words：metal additive manufacturing；spherical metal powder；plasma atomization；wire arc
———————————————
收稿日期：2023-10-25
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（52274364）
作者简介：肖瑜（1997－），男，四川巴中人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为等离子体技术应用，E-mail：15848349306@163.com；余德平（1984－），男，江西抚州人，博士，教授，主要研究方向为等离子体开发与技术应用，E-mail：williamydp@scu.edu.cn。
*通讯作者：贺裕鹏（1996－），男，四川达州人，博士，主要研究方向为聚焦微纳材料、表面微纳结构制造等，E-mail：heyp@scu.edu.cn。
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