轴流式机组轴系临界转速分析及优化
陈仲章1，陈学标1，林真1，于昊楠2，王云鹤2，肖惠民2
（1.福建水口发电集团有限公司尤溪流域分公司，福建 尤溪 365100；2.武汉大学 动力与机械学院，湖北 武汉 430072）
摘要：水轮发电机组轴系的动力特性和稳定性关系到机组的安全稳定运行。为研究某大型立式轴流式机组轴系的自振特性，防止轴系因振动而损坏，采用转子动力学计算方法，建立了轴系的三维有限元模型，计算分析了机组轴系的临界转速特性。计算结果表明，因原有轴系刚度不足，导致一阶临界转速小于机组飞逸转速，轴系有可能出现共振，需对轴系进行优化。针对此情况提出提高轴系材料刚度和增加下导轴承两种优化方案。有限元计算表明，提高轴系材料刚度后机组一阶临界转速依然小于飞逸转速，不满足刚性转子的要求；而增加下导轴承可大幅提高一阶临界转速，对提升轴系运行稳定性有明显效果。
关键词：立式轴流式机组；转子动力学；轴系；临界转速；导轴承
中图分类号：TV734.1 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2023.05.006
文章编号：1006-0316 (2023) 05-0035-05
Analysis and Optimization of Critical Speed of Axial Flow Unit Shafting
CHEN Zhongzhang1，CHEN Xuebiao1，LIN Zhen1，YU Haonan2，WANG Yunhe2，XIAO Huimin2
( 1.Youxi Basin Branch of Fujian Shuikou Power Generation Group Co., Ltd., Youxi 365100, China; 2.School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China )
Abstract：The dynamic characteristics and stability of the shaft system of a hydro generator set are related to the safe and stable operation of the set. In order to study the self-vibration characteristics of the shaft system of a large vertical axial turbine and prevent the damage of the shaft system due to vibration, through the calculation method of rotor dynamics, a three-dimensional finite element model of shafting is established, and the critical speed characteristics of shafting are calculated and analyzed. The calculation results show that the first-order critical speed is less than the flyaway speed due to the insufficient stiffness of the original shaft system. The shafting may have resonance, so it is necessary to optimize the shafting. Two optimization schemes of increasing the material stiffness of the shafting and increasing the lower guide bearing are proposed. The finite element calculation shows that the first critical speed of the unit is still lower than the flyaway speed after the material stiffness is increased, which does not meet the requirements of rigid rotors. But adding the lower guide bearing can significantly increase the first-order critical speed and has a significant effect on improving the stable operation of the shaft system.
Key words：vertical axial flow unit；rotor dynamics；shafting；critical speed；guide bearing
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收稿日期：2022-10-08
基金项目：国网福建省电力有限公司科技项目——基于信息融合与数据挖掘的水电机组故障预警方法研究与应用（5213S2220002）
作者简介：陈仲章（1973－），男，福建尤溪人，工程师，主要从事水电站自动化设备检修维护技术管理工作，E-mail：chenzz298@163.com。*通讯作者：王云鹤（1995－），宁夏银川人，博士，主要研究方向为水电机组健康评价与故障诊断，E-mai：2013301390055@whu.edu.cn。
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