多边形激励下动车组动态响应研究
张国平1，张志波1，吴兴文2，蔡吴斌*,2
（1.中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司，山东 青岛 266111；2.西南交通大学 牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610031）
摘要：首先基于刚柔耦合理论，考虑了轮对、轴箱和构架的柔性，建立了动车组车辆刚柔耦合动力学模型；然后又通过模态叠加法建立了轨道的动力学模型，从而发展成车线－刚柔耦合动力学模型。随后，在车轮上施加20阶理想多边形，研究了300 km/h下轴箱垂向加速度、轮轨垂向力和轮轴弯曲应力的响应，结果表明：轴箱垂向加速度和轮轨垂向力以577 Hz的多边形通过频率波动，而轮轴弯曲应力主频为28.8 Hz的车轮转频，在此基础上，叠加了多边形的通过频率，因此多边形的通过频率577 Hz会分岔为548 Hz和605 Hz两个频率。通过对不同速度和不同多边形幅值下车辆响应的研究可以得到以下结论：随着速度和多边形幅值的增大，轮轨力最大值总体上呈现增大趋势。从轮轨力最小值上看：速度越大，多边形幅值越大，则更容易发生轮轨分离。当车轮多边形通过频率与轮轨耦合共振频率耦合，会引起轮轨垂向力的增大。当与轴箱自身模态频率耦合时会导致轴箱加速度的变大。轮轴应力则主要受到轮轨耦合共振模态以及轮轴自身的弯曲模态影响。
关键词：刚柔耦合动力学；车线耦合动力学；车轮多边形；轮轨垂向力；轮轴弯曲应力
中图分类号：U270.1 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2020.05.011
文章编号：1006－0316 (2020) 05－0067－08
Dynamic Response of EMUs in the Presence of Wheel Polygonal Excitations
ZHANG Guoping1，ZHANG Zhibo1，WU Xingwen2，CAI Wubin2
( 1.CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266111, China; 2.State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Soutwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China )
Abstract：Based on rigid-flexible coupling theory, rigid-flexible dynamic model of high speed vehicle is established, taking flexibility of wheelset, axle box and bogie frame into consideration. Using the modal superposition method, dynamic model of track is also established. The traditional vehicle dynamic model is improved to vehicle-track and rigid-flexible coupling model. Through applying the 20th order ideal polygon on the wheel, the response of the axle box vertical acceleration, wheel/rail vertical force and bending stress of the wheelset axle are investigated at the speed of 300 km/h. The results suggest that the axle box vertical accelerations and wheel/rail vertical forces fluctuate at the frequency of 577 Hz, namely, the passing frequency of the polygon. While the dominating frequency of the wheelset axle bending stress is 28.8Hz, which accords with the rotation frequency of the wheel, the passing frequency of the polygon is separated into two peaks at 548 Hz and 605 Hz. Moreover, the effect of vehicle speed and amplitude of the polygon on the dynamic response of the vehicle are studied. The results show that the overall trend of the maximum value of wheel/rail vertical forces increases with the rising of speed and polygon amplitude. As for the minimum value of the forces, the higher speed and larger amplitude would easily lead to the wheel/rail separation. The wheel/rail vertical forces would increase when the passing frequency of polygon is closed to the frequency coupled wheel/track resonance mode. Furthermore, the resonance of the axle box increases axle box acceleration. The wheelset axle stress is mainly influenced by the coupled wheel/track resonance mode and wheelset bending modes.
Key words：rigid-flexible dynamic model；coupled vehicle-track dynamic model；wheel polygonal wear；wheel/rail vertical forces；wheelset axle stress
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收稿日期：2019－12－05
作者简介：张国平（1986－），四川南充人，工程师，主要研究方向为机车车辆转向架设计。*通讯作者：蔡吴斌（1991－），男，江苏无锡人，博士研究生，主要研究方向为铁道车辆系统动力学，Email：wubin0410@hotmail.com。
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