基于不同时频分析方法的地铁故障诊断
杜林森，戴焕云
（西南交通大学 牵引动力国家实验室，四川 成都 610031）
摘要：基于轨道的车辆为非线性系统，其振动过程属于非线性、非平稳过程，监测数据也具有非线性、非平稳特征。时频分析技术是处理非线性、非稳态信号的有效方法，其中希尔伯特－黄变换及短时傅里叶变换方法绘制的时间－频律－能量图可提供振动过程局部的时间－频域信息，能够准确描述车辆系统的动态特性。采用不同时频分析方法处理线路试验实测的车辆振动加速度信号，得出与速度相关的频率成分为系统主要振动能量来源。对比理论分析和试验结果表明：牵引传动系统中，结构的不规则激发电机转速的偶数倍频振动，并与结构固有频率吻合致使电机转速二倍频能量被放大,从而成为主要振动源。
关键词：时频分析法；故障诊断；希尔伯特－黄变换；短时傅里叶变换
中图分类号：U231 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006－0316 (2013) 03－0006－05
Research on fault diagnosis of subway vehicle based on different time frequency analysis method
DU Lin-sen，DAI Huan-yun
( Traction Power Skate Key Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China )
Abstract：Based on railway vehicles for nonlinear system, its vibration process belongs to nonlinear and non-stationary process, monitoring the data also belongs to nonlinear and non-stationary characteristic. Time- frequency analysis technology is the effective methods of dealing with nonlinear, unstable state signal, including hilbert-huang transform and short time Fourier transform method of drawing time-frequency - energy diagram can provide local time - frequency domain information in vibration process, and accurately describe the dynamic behavior of the vehicle system. Based on different time-frequency analysis method contrast, processing line test measured vehicle vibration acceleration signal, it draw that frequency components with the speed related is the system main vibration energy source. Contrasting the theoretical analysis and test results, it show that in the traction drive system, the structure of the irregular generator speed even double frequency vibration, and the agreement of structure inherent frequency and the two times motor rotational speed frequency lead that the energy of two times motor rotational speed frequency be amplified, so as to become the main vibration source.
Key words：time-frequency analysis；fault diagnosis；HHT；STFT
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收稿日期：2012－10－08
作者简介：杜林森（1986－），山西阳泉人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为机车动力学、机械故障诊断；戴焕云，博士，研究员，主要研究方向为机车动力学。
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