铁路车轴过盈配合结构微动磨损与微动疲劳研究
刘为亚，陈一萍，李亚波，杨凯，史玉杰
（中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司，山东 青岛 266111）
摘要：采用比例车轴试样进行了微动疲劳试验，试验后观察了车轴微动区的微动磨损与微动疲劳损伤，并测量了车轮、车轴配合面磨损轮廓。试验结果表明，车轴轮座边缘微动区的磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损、剥层和氧化磨损。车轴微动疲劳裂纹萌生于微动区内部，初始裂纹角度与车轴径向方向成29°。随着裂纹的扩展，裂纹角度逐渐减小。此后，基于测量的磨损轮廓建立了有限元模型，仿真研究了微动磨损对铁路车轴微动疲劳的影响。研究发现，微动磨损移除了轮座边缘材料，缓解了轮座边缘的应力集中。同时，微动磨损在微动区内部磨损/未磨损边界引入新的应力集中，促进了微动区内部的裂纹萌生。
关键词：铁路车轴；微动磨损；微动疲劳；应力集中
中图分类号：U279.4 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2022.02.007
文章编号：1006-0316 (2022) 02-0047-08
Investigation on Fretting Wear and Fretting Fatigue of Interference Fitted Structure of Railway Axles
LIU Weiya，CHEN Yiping，LI Yabo，YANG Kai，SHI Yujie
( CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266111, China )
Abstract：In this paper, fretting fatigue tests were conducted on scaled railway axles. After the tests, the fretting wear and fretting fatigue of the fretted zone were observed, and the wear profiles of the wheel and axle were measured. The experimental data showed that the wear mechanisms of the fretted zone were mainly abrasive wear, oxidative wear, and delamination. The fretting fatigue cracks formed inside the fretted zone, and the initiation angle was 29°to the radial direction of the axle, and the angle gradually decreased as the cracks propagated. Then, the finite element models were established based on the measured wear profile, and the effect of fretting wear on the fretting fatigue of railway axles was investigated. The simulated results showed that the material near the wheel seat edge were removed owing to the fretting wear, which alleviated the stress concentration at the wheel seat edge. Meanwhile, the fretting wear resulted in a new stress concentration near the worn/unworn boundary in the fretted zone, which greatly promoted the fretting fatigue crack initiation.
Key words：railway axle；fretting wear；fretting fatigue；stress concentration
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收稿日期：2021-05-14
作者简介：刘为亚（1981－），男，山东青岛人，硕士研究生，高级工程师，主要从事铁路车辆试验、仿真和设计研发工作，E-mail：liuweiya1981@163.com。
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