边界条件和激励位置对高速列车车窗声振特性影响研究
朱荟吉1,齐玉文2,徐佳明2,邓铁松1,金学松*,1
(1.西南交通大学 牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川 成都 610031;2.中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司,吉林 长春 130062)
摘要:为研究高速列车车窗的振动声辐射和隔声,基于Hamilton原理和声学Rayleigh积分建立了车窗的有限元-边界元耦合模型。利用矩形薄板在自由、简支和固支等经典边界条件下的模态分析结果、无限大板的隔声验证了模型的正确性。基于验证后的模型,对比了车窗在经典边界条件下的声辐射和隔声,分析了点激励位置对车窗声辐射的影响,研究了车窗的隔声随平面声波入射角度的变化规律。研究结果表明,边界条件对车窗在刚度控制区的声辐射和隔声产生显著影响。点激励位置越靠近边界,车窗在刚度控制区的辐射声功率越小;辐射声功率在质量控制区的峰值由车窗的模态引起,由于激励点位置的影响,峰值出现的频率存在一定的差异。随着平面声波入射角度的增加,车窗的隔声量增加;当声波沿车窗的横向和纵向入射时,车窗的受迫响应关于横向中线和纵向中线对称,当声波沿车窗对角线入射时,车窗的受迫响应表现出很强的非对称性。
关键词:高速列车;车窗;有限元;边界元;声辐射;隔声
中图分类号:U270.1+6 文献标志码:A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2021.09.008
文章编号:1006-0316 (2021) 09-0050-10
Effect of Boundary Conditions and Excitation Location on Acoustics and Vibration Characteristics of High-Speed Train Windows
ZHU Huiji1,QI Yuwen2,XU Jiaming2,DENG Tiesong1,JIN Xuesong1
( 1.State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; 2.CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., Changchun 130062, China )
Abstract:In order to study the acoustics and vibration characteristics of a high-speed train window, the coupling finite element and boundary element (FE-BE) model of the window is established based on Hamilton principle and Rayleigh integral. The FE-BE model is verified by comparing the results with the modal analysis of a rectangular plate subject to classical boundary conditions and the sound transmission loss (STL) of an infinite plate. Using the FE-BE model, the STL and sound radiation (SR) of the window under the classical boundary conditions are compared. The effect of the point force location on SR of the window is analyzed. The influence of the incident angle of an acoustic plane wave is investigated. The results show that boundary conditions significantly affect the SR and STL of the window in the stiffness controlling region. When the point force moves to the boundary, the corresponding SR in the stiffness controlling region decreases. The SR peaks in the mass controlling region is attributed to the modal behaviour of the window. Increasing the incident angle of an acoustic plane wave can enhance the STL of the window. The dynamic response of the window is symmetric about the midline of the window when the acoustic plane wave obliquely impinges on the window in the longitudinal and lateral directions. However, it shows a strong asymmetry when the acoustic wave impinges along the diagonal direction of the window.
Key words:high-speed train;window;finite element method;boundary element method;sound radiation;sound transmission loss
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收稿日期:2021-01-20
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(U1934203)
作者简介:朱荟吉(1995-),女,江苏无锡人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为高速列车板件结构的振动噪声,E-mail:760551262@qq.com。*通讯作者:金学松(1956-),男,江苏扬州人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为轮轨关系和伤损、轨道交通振动噪声与控制,Email:xsjin@swjtu.edu.cn。
 

 

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