和谐型机车车轮多边形激励下构架动态响应分析
张勇，吴兴文，罗贇，刘开成
（西南交通大学 牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610031）
摘要：针对某类型电力机车车轮存在严重的非圆形现象，结合有限元方法和多体动力学的思想，建立了机车刚柔耦合的动力学模型。并分析了在车轮多边形的轨道激励下机车构架的动应力响应以及机车构架疲劳强度的影响。通过建立扫频模型，确认构架共振弱区在0～200 Hz频率范围内节点的疲劳强度，发现考虑构架的柔性能很好地反映出构架在多边形激励下的动态响应，构架在18阶多边形激励下主要体现为70 Hz的主频振动。进一步分析不同车速和波深对构架振动的影响，结果表明构架加速度幅值与波深呈线性关系，与车速不呈线性关系；通过计算多边形激励下刚性构架和柔性构架随车速变化的加速度可知，柔性构架能很好的反映出车多边形对系统振动的响应，此外，发现在55 km/h速度下，柔性构架加速度幅值存在突变现象，是由于多边形通过频率引起的构架的垂直弯曲变形。分析计算了车轮多边形激励下构架动应力的响应，工况设置为车速120 km/h，多边形波深0.2 mm，提取构架在该工况下的主应力时间历程，依据疲劳极限法评估节点的主应力，结果表明疲劳强度是可靠的。
关键词：HXD1型电力机车；车轮多边形；主应力；疲劳极限
中图分类号：U270.1+1 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2021.01.008
文章编号：1006－0316 (2021) 01－0052－09
Dynamic Response of Bogie Frame in the Presence of Wheel Polygonal Wear
ZHANG Yong，WU Xingwen，LUO Yun，LIU Kaicheng
( Traction Power State Key Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China )
Abstract：Aiming at dealing with the serious non-circular phenomenon of a certain type of electric locomotive wheels, a dynamic model of rigid-flexible coupling locomotive is established with the finite element method and the idea of multi-body dynamics. The dynamic stress response of the locomotive frame under the excitation of the wheel polygon track and the influence of the fatigue strength of the locomotive frame are analyzed. By establishing a frequency sweeping model, the fatigue strength of nodes in the weak resonance region of the framework in the frequency range of 0 to 200 Hz is confirmed. Taking the flexibility of the framework into consideration, the dynamic response of the framework under polygonal excitation can be well reflected. Main frequency vibration of the framework is 70 Hz when excited by the polygon of 18th order. . Further analysis of the effects of different vehicle speeds and wave depths on the vibration of the frame shows that the amplitude of the frame acceleration has a linear relationship with wave depth but no linear relationship with vehicle speed. By calculating the acceleration of the rigid frame and the flexible frame with the change of vehicle speed under the polygonal excitation, the flexible frame can well reflect the response of the vehicle polygon to the system vibration. In addition, it is found that at 55 km/h, the acceleration amplitude of the flexible frame has a sudden change, which is due to the vertical bending deformation of the frame caused by the polygon passing frequency. The dynamic stress response of the frame under the polygon is analyzed and calculated. The working condition is set to 120 km/h. The wave depth of the polygon is 0.2 mm. The main stress time history of the frame under this condition is extracted. The main stress of the node is evaluated according to the fatigue limit method. The results show that fatigue strength is reliable.
Key words：HXD1 electric locomotive；polygonal wheel；principal stress；fatigue limit
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收稿日期：2020－05－18
基金项目：国家自然科学基金高铁联合基金（U1734201）；大功率交流传动电力机车系统集成国家重点实验室开放课题（2017ZJKF01）
作者简介：张勇（1995－），男，湖北孝感人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为机车车辆动力学和结构疲劳强度，E-mail：witzhy@126.com；罗贇（1967－），女，贵州安顺人，博士，研究员，硕士生导师，主要研究方向为机车车辆动力学。
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