高速列车组合地板结构隔声性能分析
李明1，韩铁礼1，朱荟吉2，姚丹2，韩健*,3
（1.中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 技术研究中心，河北 唐山 063035；2.西南交通大学 牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610031；3.西南交通大学 机械工程学院，四川 成都 610031）
摘要：为探究组合地板结构中声能量传递规律，设计出隔声性能更好的高速列车地板结构，本文基于FE-SEA混合法，建立了能够完整考虑内地板、木骨/弹性支撑、多孔吸声材料和外地板的组合地板隔声预测模型，并结合试验测试结果，验证了模型的准确性。基于验证的模型，对比了两种支撑方式（木骨和弹性支撑）对组合地板结构隔声性能的影响。结果显示：支撑方式为木骨时的计权隔声量比弹性支撑大2 dB左右。且其频率隔声量在大部分频率都高于弹性支撑，各个频段内木骨比弹性支撑大2～4 dB。组合地板的声能量传递主要为“铝型材－木骨/弹性支撑－内地板”，传递率相比于“铝型材－沥水板－多孔吸声材料－内地板”超过了60%。多孔吸声材料变化对组合地板隔声性能影响很小，针对组合地板的优化设计应更多的考虑木骨和弹性支撑的减振降噪措施。
关键词：高速列车；隔声；组合地板；FE-SEA混合法；声能量传递
中图分类号：U270.1+6 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2020.10.010
文章编号：1006－0316 (2020) 10－0060－06
Sound Insulation Performance Analysis of High-speed Train Composite Floor Structures
LI Ming1，HAN Tieli1，ZHU Huiji2，YAO Dan2，HAN Jian3
( 1.Product Technology Research Center, CRRC Tangshan CO. Ltd., Tangshan 063035, China; 2.State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China;3.School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China )
Abstract：In order to study and explore the law of acoustic energy transfer in the high-speed train composite floor structures, and improve their sound insulation performance, a prediction model was established based on the hybrid Finite Element-Statistical Energy Analysis (FE-SEA) method. The model takes into full consideration the interior floor, the wooden or elastic support, the porous sound absorption material and the exterior floor. The model is verified with experimental results. The effects of two supports (wooden or elastic supports) on the sound insulation performance of the floor structure were compared. The results show that the weighted sound reduction index of wooden supports is about 2 dB larger than the elastic support. The frequency dependent sound insulation of wooden supports is about 2~4 dB larger than the elastic support at most frequencies. The acoustic energy transfer of the composite floor is mainly transmitted directly to the wooden or elastic support via the exterior floor and then to the inner floor, with a transfer rate of more than 60%. The influence of the porous sound absorption material is small. For the optimized design of the composite floor, more consideration should be given to the vibration and noise reduction of the wooden or elastic support.
Key words：high-speed train；sound transmission loss；composite floor；the hybrid FE-SEA method；acoustic energy transfer
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收稿日期：2020－07－29
基金项目：国家重点研发计划战略性国际科技创新合作重点专项（2016YFE0205200）；四川省科技计划项目资助（2020YJ0076）
作者简介：李明（1983－），男，四川眉山人，博士，教授级高级工程师，主要研究方向为轨道车辆综合节能技术研究。*通信作者：韩健（1987－），男，辽宁葫芦岛人，博士，助理研究员，主要研究方向为轨道交通振动与噪声控制，Email：super_han@126.com。
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