高速列车车体动态薄弱位置及特征应力谱研究
乐柄伸，吴兴文，黄运华
（西南交通大学 机械工程学院，四川 成都 610031）
摘要：为了研究高速列车车体的动态薄弱位置及服役条件下薄弱位置应力谱特征，基于车辆系统动力学、有限元理论和刚柔耦合理论，建立了8编组的高速列车高频刚柔耦合动力学模型。基于模态应力恢复法，利用反映服役模式的轮轨扫频激励，研究并识别了车体服役条件下的动态薄弱位置。通过该模型，进一步研究了车体动态薄弱位置处的应力谱特征，分析了不同运营速度和不同曲线半径对特征应力谱的影响。结论表明：车体的动态薄弱位置主要集中在窗角、门框、枕梁、牵引梁与枕梁交接等部位，其对车体一阶垂弯、车体一阶扭转、车体顶棚和侧墙局部高频模态较为敏感。随着车辆运营速度的增加和曲线半径的减小，由于车体模态振动加剧，车体动态薄弱位置的应力幅值显著增加。
关键词：高速列车高频刚柔耦合动力学模型；模态应力恢复；动态薄弱位置；特征应力谱
中图分类号：U271.91 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2020.09.002
文章编号：1006－0316 (2020) 09－0009－08
Analysis on Dynamic Critical Position and Characteristic Stress Spectrum of High-Speed Train Car Body
YUE Bingshen，WU Xingwen，HUANG Yunhua
( School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China )
Abstract：In order to identify the critical position of car body and study the stress spectrum characteristics of critical position under service conditions, a high frequency rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model of high-speed train consisting of 8 formations based on the kinetics of vehicle system, finite element theory and rigid-flexible coupling theory, is established in this paper. On the basis of modal stress recovery method, the critical positions of the car body are identified and studied through the frequency sweeping excitation which reflects different service modes of the vehicle. The stress spectrum characteristics of the critical position of car body are further studied, and the influence of different operating speeds and curve radii on the stress spectrum is analyzed. The results suggest that the dynamic critical positions of the car body are mainly identified near the window corner, door jamb, bolster, and the connection between the bolster and traction beam, which are very sensitive to the first-order bending mode, torsional mode of car body and the high frequency local mode of both side wall and roof. With the increase of vehicle operating speed and the decrease of curve radius, the stress amplitude of the critical position of the car body increases significantly due to the elastic deformation of the car body caused by modal vibration.
Key words：high frequency rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model of high-speed train；modal stress recovery method；dynamic critical position；characteristic stress spectrum
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收稿日期：2020－02－18
基金项目：国家自然基金项目（51805150）；国家重点研发计划（2018YFE0201401-01）；四川省应用基础研究（2020YJ0075）
作者简介：乐柄伸（1991－），男，四川达州人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为结构振动疲劳，E-mail：2410333954@qq.com；吴兴文（1988－），男，四川成都人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为车辆系统动力学、结构振动疲劳、智能运维。
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