平行四边形式收砟机构设计与分析
郑慧珍，王杰，王滔
（四川大学 机械工程学院，四川 成都 610065）
摘要：收砟机构作为铁路小型收砟机的重要执行部件，其可靠性直接影响机器性能。针对一种平行四边形式收砟机构进行了设计与仿真分析：对结构尺寸进行参数化设计后利用SolidWorks建立三维模型并导入ADAMS中进行仿真分析。其中，参数化设计得到机构基本杆长尺寸与机器设计高度之间的关系，为因底盘高度变动造成机构杆长尺寸变化提供快速计算依据；虚拟样机仿真后得到收砟机构的动力学特性，当收砟耙宽度为450 mm，驱动速度为225 mm/s时，最大受力点为滚轮所在铰接点，数值为3967.7 N；斜收最大驱动力为5602.3 N；以上数值为机构强度校核、后续控制与液压系统的设计提供可靠依据。并针对实际工作中负载不均衡造成收砟机构滚轮磨损严重问题，进行了结构优化。
关键词：收砟机；放大机构；平行四边形；虚拟样机；ADAMS
中图分类号：TP391 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2020.06.011
文章编号：1006－0316 (2020) 06－0068－06
Design and Analysis of Parallelogram Ballast Recollecting Mechanism
ZHENG Huizhen，WANG Jie，WANG Tao
( School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China )
Abstract：Ballast recollecting mechanism is an important execution component of small ballast recollecting machine, and its reliability directly affects the performance of the machine. In this paper, the design and simulation analysis of a parallelogram ballast recollecting mechanism were carried out. After parameterizing the structural dimensions, a three-dimensional model was built by using SolidWorks and imported into ADAMS for simulation analysis. The relationship between the basic rod length of the mechanism and the design height of the machine were obtained through the parametric design, which provides a fast calculation basis for the change of the rod length of the mechanism caused by the change of the chassis height. After the simulation of the virtual prototype, the dynamic characteristics of the closing mechanism were found out. When the width of the retracting harrow is 450 mm and the driving speed is 225 mm/s, the maximum force point is the hinge point where the roller is located, and the value is 3967.7 N; the maximum driving force of the side ramp ballast recollecting is 5602.3 N. All these values provide reliable basis for the strength check, subsequent control and the design of hydraulic system. Finally, the structural optimization was performed to deal with the serious wear of the roller of the ballast recollecting mechanism caused by the uneven load in actual situation.
key words：ballast recollecting machine；magnification mechanism；parallelogram；virtual mockup；ADAMS
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收稿日期：2020－01－14
基金项目：四川省重点研发项目（2018GZDZX0015）
作者简介：郑慧珍（1995－），女，山东日照人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为计算机辅助设计制造，E-mail：2018223025092@stu.scu.edu.cn；王杰（1964－），男，四川成都人，博士，教授、博士生导师，主要研究方向为智能CAD方法与现代集成制造技术。
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