车轮多边形对地铁车辆一系钢弹簧疲劳寿命的影响研究
何伟1，张合吉1，陈帅2，吴磊3，王衡禹*,1
（1.西南交通大学 牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610031；2.西南交通大学 土木工程学院，四川 成都 610031；3.西南交通大学 机械工程学院，四川 成都 610031）
摘要：针对国内某地铁线路车辆在运行中出现一系钢弹簧疲劳断裂的现象，对车轮多边形对地铁车辆一系钢弹簧疲劳寿命的影响进行了研究。通过对发生断簧位置的车轮表面状态进行测试，发现车轮存在明显的六阶车轮多边形磨耗。通过一系钢弹簧动应力测试，发现了车轮多边形激励导致弹簧共振可能是一系钢弹簧断裂的原因。基于SIMPACK和ANSYS相结合建立了考虑一系钢弹簧柔性的刚柔耦合动力学模型，计算了不同多边形状态下一系钢弹簧的应力载荷谱，采用Miner线性累积损伤理论对弹簧疲劳寿命进行了计算和对比分析。研究结果表明：地铁车辆车轮多边形的阶次、波深以及列车的运行速度对一系钢弹簧的疲劳寿命都有很大的影响，且当车轮多边形通过频率与一系钢弹簧固有频率接近时，其寿命显著降低。降低弹簧座橡胶垫刚度可以提高隔振能力，增加弹簧使用寿命。
关键词：地铁车辆；一系钢弹簧；车轮多边形；疲劳寿命
中图分类号：TH135+.1 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2020.06.007
文章编号：1006－0316 (2020) 06－0044－07
Effects of Wheel Polygonization on the Service Life of the Primary Suspension Coil Spring of Metro Vehicles
HE Wei1，ZHANG Heji1，CHEN Shuai2，WU Lei3，WANG Hengyu1
( 1.State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; 2.School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; 3.School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China )
Abstract：Coil failures at low mileage due to fatigue fractures have been observed in a subway line in China. The research investigated the causes by studying the effects of wheel polygonization on the service life of the primary suspension coil spring of metro vehicles. Field measures showed that the wheels appear 6th-order polygonal wear and dynamic stress measurement of the coil spring, which indicated that the spring resonance excited by the polygonized wheel caused the failure of the spring. Given the flexibility of the primary coil spring, a numerical dynamic model was established by SIMPACK and ANSYS. The stress spectrum was obtained and the fatigue life of the spring was assessed using Miner theory. The results show that the fatigue life of the spring is significantly influenced by the order and depth of the wheel polygonization and the train speed. Furthermore, the fatigue life drops tremendously if the passing frequency matches the resonance frequency of the spring. Reducing the stiffness of the rubber pad beneath the spring would increase its life due to the higher vibration isolation effect.
Key words：metro vehicle；coil spring；wheel polygonization；fatigue life
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收稿日期：2020－02－18
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（51775454）；四川省区域创新合作项目（2020YFQ0024）
作者简介：何伟（1993－），男，四川巴中人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为轮轨关系。*通讯作者：王衡禹（1979－），男，四川成都人，博士，副研究员、硕士生导师，主要研究方向为轮轨关系，E-mail：hengyu.wang@foxmail.com。
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