表面结构刚度对摩擦力影响的有限元分析
焦有威，袁卫锋
（西南科技大学 制造过程测试技术教育部重点实验室，四川 绵阳 621010）
摘要：通过结构设计获取新型功能材料引起越来越多的关注，是固体力学的热点之一。建立了滑块在具有连续梁式表面结构的弹性接触面上滑动的有限元模型，通过数值模拟研究了表面结构刚度对摩擦力的影响。参数分析表明，滑块在连续梁式表面结构上滑动时，其所受到的切向阻力和正压力之间的关系与结构弹性模量相关；等效摩擦力和正压力的关系仅在结构刚度很低或接近刚性时满足Amontons干摩擦定律；优化结构刚度，可降低摩擦阻力，并使其低于干摩擦定律理论值。研究结果为开发低摩阻超材料提供了新思路，对工程中的摩擦减阻设计具有指导意义。
关键词：摩擦力；有限元；表面结构
中图分类号：O242.21 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2019.06.002
文章编号：1006－0316 (2019) 06－0008－05
Finite Element Analysis of the Influence of the Surface Structural Stiffness on Friction
JIAO Youwei，YUAN Weifeng
( Manufacturing Process Testing Technology Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China )
Abstract：Developing new functional materials through structural design has attracted more and more attention, and has become one of the research hotspots in solid mechanics. In order to study the effect of surface stiffness on friction, a finite element model of a rectangular block sliding on an elastic contact surface with continuous beam surface structure was established for numerical simulation. Parametric study shows that, when the block slides on the continuous beam, the relationship between the tangential resistant force and the normal load is dependent on the elastic modulus of the structure. Amontons friction law is satisfied only when the structural stiffness is very low or close to rigidity. By optimizing structural stiffness, friction force can be reduced to the level lower than the theoretical value by conventional friction law. The present work should provide a novel strategy for developing low friction meta-materials and guidance for the design of friction and wear reduction in engineering.
Key words：friction；finite element analysis；surface structure
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收稿日期：2019－03－13
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（11472232，11872324）
作者简介：焦有威（1994－），男，山西忻州人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为摩擦学、力学。*通讯作者：袁卫锋（1970－），男，河南荥阳人，研究员、博士生导师，主要研究方向为摩擦学、力学、传感器。
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