基于仿生形态的高速列车气动性能研究

 张传英1*,张继业2

(1.四川工业科技学院 智能制造与车辆工程学院,四川 德阳 618500;2.西南交通大学 牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川 成都 610031)
摘要:基于工程仿生学理论,提出一种高速列车头型的设计方法,选取自然界中速度较快的几种典型动物为仿生对象,对生物体进行工程化仿生建模,从复杂的三维几何中,提取主要的特征线并忽略次要特征,得到基于仿生形态的高速列车头型,并与CRH型动车组进行基本气动性能的比较。研究结果表明,高速列车以350 km/h在明线下运行时,海豚型列车所受的阻力最小,其次是蜂鸟型,二者的运行阻力均小于CRH型,而大白鲨型列车的阻力最大;分析了各仿生设计列车纵向截面积随距鼻尖长度变化的关系,线性趋势程度由高到低排序:海豚型>蜂鸟型>CRH型>大白鲨型,而列车的阻力系数刚好与该顺序相反,说明头型截面积沿长度方向的线性变化程度越高,其气动阻力越小。
关键词:工程仿生学;高速列车;气动性能;仿生形态;线性趋势
中图分类号:U213.2+12 文献标志码:A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2019.04.009
文章编号:1006-0316 (2019) 04-0042-06
Study on Aerodynamic Performance of High-speed Train Based on Morphological Bionic
ZHANG Chuanying1,ZHANG Jiye 2 
( 1.Institute of transportation, Sichuan Institute of Industrial Technology, Deyang 618500, China;2.State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China )
Abstract:Based on the theory of engineering bionics, a design method of high-speed train head is proposed in this paper. Several typical animals with higher speed in nature are selected as the bionic object. The main feature lines are extracted from complex 3D geometry and the secondary characteristics are neglected, thus a high-speed train head shape based on bionic shape is obtained. The basic aerodynamic performance of the CRH type EMU is compared with that of the EMUs. The results show that under the operating speed of 350km/h, the Dolphin type train has the smallest resistance, followed by a Hummingbird type, and the CRH type is bigger than them, but the Great White Shark train is the maximum. Then, the relationship between the longitudinal sectional area of the train and the length of nose tip is analyzed. The linear trend range from high to low is: Dolphin > Hummingbird > CRH > Great White Shark. However, the coefficient of resistance of the train is just the opposite of the order, which means that the higher the degree of linear variation of head section area along length and the smaller the aerodynamic resistance.
Key words:engineering bionics;high-speed train;aerodynamic performance;bionic morphology;linear trend
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收稿日期:2018-11-26
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(51605397)
作者简介:张传英(1990-),女,重庆人,硕士,助教,主要研究方向为高速列车空气动力学;张继业(1965-),男,四川夹江人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为高速列车动力学与控制、流固耦合振动。
 

 

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