基于热－结构顺序耦合对轮槽铣床主轴箱热变形分析
李志伟
（四川建筑职业技术学院，四川 德阳 618000）
摘要：以轮槽数控铣床为研究对象，利用有限元软件中热－结构顺序耦合功能对机床主轴箱在运行中受环境温度影响进行热变形分析。由于热耦结构分析实质是一种结构分析，只是在分析过程中，以环境温度作为热传导模型，属于多场耦合瞬态分析。且机床的热源主要来自于主轴箱内部的电机和主轴系统，因此主轴箱的温升及变形影响了主轴温度和相关配合位置的改变。通过建立主轴箱有限元模型，以主轴箱温度场在工作时的热载荷和边界条件为依据，进行热－结构顺序耦合分析，从而得到工作时主轴箱的热变形状态。分析结果显示，主轴箱的温度场在5 h左右达到热平衡状态，而主轴箱热变形平衡时间在6 h左右，热变形总量为22 μm，且主轴三个方向的热变形分别为X方向为62 μm，其次Y方向和Z方向，分别为19 μm和9 μm。随着运行时间增加，主轴热变形逐渐趋于稳定。
关键词：轮槽数控铣床主轴箱；热－结构顺序耦合；温度场；热变形
中图分类号：TG502.15 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2017.10.003文章编号：1006－0316 (2017) 10－0014－07
Thermal Deformation Analysis of Spindle Slotted of Milling Machine Based on Thermal Structure Coupling
LI Zhiwei
( Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, Deyang 618000, China )
Key words：Based on the wheel groove CNC milling machine as the research object, using the finite element software of hot - structure order coupling function of machine tool spindle box in the operation of the affected by the environmental temperature for the thermal deformation analysis. Due to thermal coupling structure is actually a kind of structure analysis, just in the process of analysis, to the environment temperature as the heat conduction model, belongs to the field coupled transient analysis. And machine heat source mainly comes from the spindle box inside the motor and spindle system, and so the temperature and deformation effect of the spindle box change the position of the spindle temperature and associated with. By establishing a finite element model of the spindle box to the spindle box when the temperature field in the work, on the basis of the heat load and boundary conditions for hot - structure coupling analysis sequence, and the thermal deformation work spindle box is state. Analysis results show that the temperature field of the spindle box in about 5 h to reach thermal equilibrium state, and the spindle box thermal deformation balance time about 6 h, the hot deformation amount of 22μm, and the spindle three directions of the thermal deformation of X direction respectively is 62μm, the Y direction and Z direction, 19 μm and 9μm. With the increase of running time, spindle thermal deformation gradually stabilized.
Key words：spindle slotted of CNC milling machine；thermal structure coupling；temperature field；thermal deformation
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收稿日期：2017－03－06
基金项目：国家科技重大专项（2011ZX04002－081）
作者简介：李志伟（1985－），男，河北张家口人，硕士研究生，助教，主要研究方向为机床可靠性与热变形分析。
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